Under the proposals, playgrounds, schools and cars carrying children would become vape-free in addition to smoke-free. Areas outside healthcare settings such as hospitals would also be made smoke-free and heated tobacco-free.

Outdoor hospitality venues would not be included in the plans.

Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the UK, and ministers have emphasised that while vaping can help smokers quit, it is not risk-free — particularly for children and young people exposed to second-hand vapour.

Labour says the proposals reflect a shift in NHS strategy from treatment to prevention, tackling the root causes of ill health and reducing long-term pressure on public services.